Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions ?
↓Manner/Place→ | Bilabial | Alveolar | Palato-alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | n | |||||
Stop | p b | t d | k g | ʔ | ||
Fricative | s z | ʃ ʒ | ||||
Approximant | j |
Vowel inventory:
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
High | i | u | |
High-mid | e | o | |
Mid | ə | ||
Near-low | æ | ||
Low | ɑ |
Pronunciation | Spelling |
---|---|
Nouns have seven cases:
Nominative | No affix dog (doing the verb)
|
Accusative | Suffix -ok (verb done to) dog
|
Genitive | If ends with vowel: Suffix -k Else: Suffix -ik dogʼs
|
Dative | If ends with vowel: Suffix -t Else: Suffix -ɑt to dog
|
Locative | If ends with vowel: Suffix -jko Else: Suffix -ojko near/at/by dog
|
Ablative | If ends with vowel: Suffix -s Else: Suffix -æs from dog
|
Instrumental | If ends with vowel: Suffix -d Else: Suffix -əd with/using dog
|
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Definite | If ends with vowel: Suffix -t Else: Suffix -ut the dog
|
If ends with vowel: Suffix -ki Else: Suffix -əki the dogs
|
Indefinite | If ends with vowel: Suffix -d Else: Suffix -ed a dog
|
No affix some dogs
|
Alternian encodes definite article ‘the’, and indefinite article ‘a’ in noun affixes. See Noun section.
Nominative | Accusative | Genitive | Dative | Locative | Ablative | Instrumental | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st singular | I
|
me
|
mine
|
to me
|
to me
|
from me
|
with/using me
|
2nd singular | you
|
you
|
yours
|
to you
|
to you
|
from you
|
with/using you
|
3rd singular masc | he, it (masc)
|
his, it (masc)
|
his, its (masc)
|
to his, to it (masc)
|
to his, to it (masc)
|
from his, from it (masc)
|
with/using his, with/using it (masc)
|
3rd singular fem | she, it (fem)
|
her, it (fem)
|
hers, its (fem)
|
to her, to it (fem)
|
to her, to it (fem)
|
from her, from it (fem)
|
with/using her, with/using it (fem)
|
1st plural inclusive | we (including you)
|
us (including you)
|
ours (including you)
|
to us (including you)
|
to us (including you)
|
from us (including you)
|
with/using us (including you)
|
1st plural exclusive | we (excluding you)
|
us (excluding you)
|
ours (excluding you)
|
to us (excluding you)
|
to us (excluding you)
|
from us (excluding you)
|
with/using us (excluding you)
|
2nd plural | you all
|
you all
|
yours (pl)
|
to you all
|
to you all
|
from you all
|
with/using you all
|
3rd plural | they
|
them
|
theirs
|
to them
|
to them
|
from them
|
with/using them
|
Possessive | |
---|---|
1st singular | my
|
2nd singular | your
|
3rd singular masc | his
|
3rd singular fem | her
|
1st plural inclusive | our (including you)
|
1st plural exclusive | our (excluding you)
|
2nd plural | your (pl)
|
3rd plural | their
|
Remote past | Suffix -u learned (long ago)
|
Past | Suffix -ə learned
|
Present | No affix learn
|
Future | If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʒ Else: Suffix -iʒ will learn
|
Remote future | If ends with vowel: Suffix -j Else: Suffix -æj will learn
|
Perfective | Suffix -e learn
|
Habitual | Suffix -i learn (often, habitually)
|
Progressive | If ends with vowel: Suffix -po Else: Suffix -æpo am/are learning
|
Perfect | Reduplicate first part of first syllable have learned
|
Singular | No affix |
Plural | Reduplicate first part of first syllable |
Dual | If ends with vowel: Suffix -gnə Else: Suffix -ignə |
Trial | If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʒ Else: Suffix -eʒ |
Paucal | Suffix -is |
Animate | If ends with vowel: Suffix -t Else: Suffix -it |
Inanimate | If ends with vowel: Suffix -ji Else: Suffix -eji |
Alternian has a base-10 number system:
1 -
2 -
3 -
4 -
5 -
6 -
7 -
8 -
9 -
10 -
100 -
1000 -
Adjective → adverb = Suffix -o
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Suffix -i
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Suffix -ed
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʒ
Else: Suffix -uʒ
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -t
Else: Suffix -et
Noun to verb = Suffix -æt
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Suffix -ɑt
Tending to = Suffix -ɑ
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -d
Else: Suffix -id
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Suffix -e
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Suffix -ɑd
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Suffix -eʃ
Diminutive = Suffix -is
Augmentative = If ends with vowel: Suffix -s
Else: Suffix -is
Sexual = Suffix -us
Key: